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This is the third volume of the series entitled ''Physics at the Turn of the Millennium.'' This book contains two chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the theoretical and experimental fundamentals of a new scientific direction that has formed at the boundary of several disciplines --- the field of knowledge related to the structure and dynamics of molecules. In a broader context, it deals with the study of matter at the molecular level. In the long run, such investigations are aimed at elucidating the electronic and spatial structure of multielectron (molecular) systems as well as the nature of processes and phenomena proceeding with participation of these systems. In the second chapter, essential problems of the origin of life and thinking are discussed. The avenues to the solution of these problems are sought on the basis of advances of modern physics.
The book is intended for everyone who is interested in the problems of modern physics.

Contents


Preface
Chapter 1.
STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF MOLECULES

1.1.
Magnetic resonance


1.1.1.
The history of magnetic resonance spectroscopy


1.1.2.
High resolution NMR spectroscopy


1.1.3.
Foundations of magnetic resonance theory


1.1.4.
Nature of magnetic relaxation


1.1.5.
The Bloch theory


1.1.6.
Nuclear induction


1.1.7.
NMR spectrometers


1.1.8.
The basic advantages of the NMR method


1.1.9.
NMR introscopy


1.1.1 .
Electron paramagnetic resonance


1.1.11.
Double nuclear resonance


1.1.12.
The Overhauser effect


1.1.13.
Chemical polarization of nuclei and electrons

1.2.
Mathematical models of structural theory and dynamics of molecules


1.2.1.
Quantum chemical models


1.2.2.
The Hartree--Fock method


1.2.3.
The correlation models


1.2.4.
The foundations of density functional theory

Test questions

References
Chapter 2.
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE AND THINKING FROM THE MODERN PHYSICS POINT OF VIEW

2.1.
Dynamical properties of simple proteins


2.1.1.
Structural organization of functional proteins


2.1.2.
The models of protein as physical body


2.1.3.
The basic requirements to structural organization of the functional proteins


2.1.4.
The proteins self-organization


2.1.5.
Complexity of proteins

2.2.
The problem of life origin


2.2.1.
Early stages of biological evolution


2.2.2.
Molecular aspects of the auto-reproduction mechanism


2.2.3.
The variants of primary synthesis

2.3.
The biological asymmetry problem

2.4.
The problem of biological evolution rate

2.5.
Information

2.6.
The problem of origin of thinking


2.6.1.
Elements of the pattern recognition theory


2.6.2.
Neurocomputing


2.6.3.
Thinking and the pattern recognition

Test questions

References